Which of the following are involved in RNA translation? I. mRNA II. tRNA III. ribosomes IV. amino acids

The three roles of RNA in protein synthesis. Messenger RNA (mRNA) is translated into protein by the joint action of transfer RNA (tRNA) and the ribosome, which is composed of numerous proteins and two major ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules.

1.Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the genetic information copied from DNA in the form of a series of three-basecode “words,” each of which specifies a particular amino acid.

2.Transfer RNA (tRNA) is the key to deciphering the code words in mRNA. Each type of amino acid has its own type of tRNA, which binds it and carries it to the growing end of a polypeptide chain if the next code word on mRNA calls for it. The correct tRNA with its attached amino acid is selected at each step because each specific tRNA molecule contains a three-base sequence that can base-pair with its complementary code word in the mRNA.

3.Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) associates with a set of proteins to form ribosomes. These complex structures, which physically move along an mRNA molecule, catalyze the assembly of amino acids into protein chains. They also bind tRNAs and various accessory molecules necessary for protein synthesis. Ribosomes are composed of a large and small subunit, each of which contains its own rRNA molecule or molecules.Translation is the whole process by which the base sequence of an mRNA is used to order and to join the amino acids in a protein. The three types of RNA participate in this essential protein-synthesizing pathway in all cells; in fact, the development of the three distinct functions of RNA was probably the molecular key to the origin of life.
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annyksl annyksl · Answer 2 · 2019-12-23T21:02:25+01:00

Answer:

All options are involved in the RNA translation process.

Explanation:

Translation occurs in ribosomes, which are situated in the cytoplasm. MRNA is translated into protein by the action of a variety of tRNA molecules, each specific for each amino acid. The nucleotide sequence of an mRNA molecule is translated into the appropriate amino acid sequence according to genetic code determinations. There are 64 possible nucleotide triplets, of which only 61 encode amino acid production (2 signal the beginning of translation), while 3 triplets correspond to translation termination sequences.

Translation begins with the association of a ribosome, mRNA, and tRNA carrying the amino acid methionine, which bind to the ribosome P site. This tRNA anticodon is UAC and its mRNA codon is AUG. This triplet consists of the boot codon. Another tRNA binds to ribosome at site A.

As the ribosome moves, the sites are taken up by new tRNAs with their corresponding mRNA amino acids, and the amino acid linkages are synthesized until the translation termination signal sequences are found. Translation ends when a finisher codon is found on the same mRNA tape being translated. The codons are UGA, UAA or UAG. Since these codons are unread, they have no effect on translation. Finally, the polypeptide is released from the ribosome, which becomes available to begin the synthesis of another protein.