Answer:
The answers are options A and D
Explanation:
Umayyad line, likewise spelled Omayyad, the principal extraordinary Muslim administration to control the realm of the caliphate (661– 750 ce), in some cases alluded to as the Arab kingdom reflecting conventional Muslim objection to the common idea of the Umayyad state.The Umayyads were the primary Muslim line that is, they were the main leaders of the Islamic Empire to go down power inside their family. Under their standard, which endured from 661 to 750 AD, the early Islamic people group was changed into the most great realm of the day.Although this line bound to defeat after a centaury however the elements behind its ruin was available at the season of its start and governmental issues of the adjust caliphs and their debasement expanded it.The family settled dynastic, innate principle with Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan, long-lasting legislative leader of Syria, who turned into the fifth Caliph after the finish of the First Muslim Civil War in 661.
The Umayyad Empire grew as a result of loot taken from conquered regions and forced conversion of all non- Muslims.
The Umayyads were the first rulers who formed a great Islamic power and consolidated their rule over the Arab Peninsula. The Umayyads were a group of prosperous merchants of the Quraysh clan, and they rose to prominence during the rule of Prophet Muhammad and the first Caliphs. The Umayyads came to power after the first fitnah (Islamic Civil War), when the son of Abu Sufyan, Muawiya, defeated Ali, the Prophet’s son in law, and took over the reign of the Caliphate, and began a process of empire-building through territorial expansion, subjugation of rebellious tribes and political consolidation.
Further Explanation-
After emerging victorious in the first Civil War, Muawiya established the Umayyad Caliphate and positioned himself as the rightful Caliph of the Islamic Empire. The Umayyad Caliphate had two ruling branches, the Sufyanids and the Marwanids. The seat of power of the Caliphate shifted to Damascus, and the Umayyads began a process of territorial expansion and consolidation of power. Muawiya I consolidated his power and established a central authority in the Caliphate. This was the beginning of the consolidation of the Umayyad dynasty, a strong central monarchy with a permanent standing army. The Umayyads were the first to have commissioned a navy, which led to campaigns against the Byzantine empire. They also led expeditions to the Persian territories and subjugated them. However, the Persian forms of administration continued and were reorganized along Arabic lines. Muawiya also introduced the concept of hereditary succession, overriding the concept of election of the Caliph. He nominated his son, Yazid I as his successor, despite the several protests from fellow imams.
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Answer Details-
Grade- High School
Chapter- The Islamic Caliphate
Subject- History
Keywords-
Caliphate, Islam, Political expansion, territorial consolidation, tribes, naval forces, standing army, hereditary succession.
