Respuesta :
Answer: In the fight or flight response, cellular interactions involving insulin, epinephrine/adrenaline, and glucagon coordinate energy mobilization. The pancreas, sensing stress, releases epinephrine and reduces insulin secretion. Epinephrine activates G-protein-coupled receptors on liver cells, prompting glycogen breakdown to glucose. Simultaneously, glucagon is released, enhancing glucose release from the liver. Skeletal and intestinal blood vessels expand to distribute energy-rich substrates. G-protein signaling activates protein kinase A, influencing cellular responses. This orchestrated process elevates blood glucose levels, providing quick energy. Dysregulation can contribute to conditions like diabetes. Notably, insulin facilitates glucose uptake, while glucagon and epinephrine drive glucose release and energy mobilization in preparation for challenging situations.
https://youtu.be/eHaq0PHG5pk?si=Ss9P2a8H4kVLBqQi
Explanation:
The fight or flight response involves intricate cellular interactions among insulin, epinephrine/adrenaline, and glucagon, orchestrating a cascade of events to meet immediate energy demands. Initiated by stress, the pancreas plays a central role. In response, it reduces insulin secretion while releasing epinephrine. Epinephrine activates G-protein-coupled receptors on liver cells, triggering the breakdown of glycogen into glucose. Simultaneously, glucagon promotes glucose release from the liver. This surge in blood glucose levels provides a rapid energy source. Skeletal and intestinal blood vessels dilate, facilitating nutrient distribution.
G-protein signaling is a crucial mediator in this process, activating downstream effectors like protein kinase A. Protein kinase A, once activated, influences various cellular responses, coordinating the cellular machinery to rapidly mobilize energy stores. The liver, a key player, releases glucose into the bloodstream, while adipose tissue releases fats as an additional energy source. This response is adaptive in short-term stress but can contribute to metabolic disorders like diabetes if dysregulated over time.
In summary, the fight or flight response involves a finely tuned cellular ballet, where insulin, epinephrine, and glucagon act in concert to regulate glycogen and glucose metabolism, energy mobilization, and blood vessel dynamics, ensuring the body is primed for immediate action in the face of stress. https://youtu.be/eHaq0PHG5pk?si=Ss9P2a8H4kVLBqQi
