An ion that may flow across a membrane typically exhibits an electrochemical gradient, which is a gradient in electrochemical potential.
The gradient is made up of two components: an electrical gradient and a chemical gradient, or a difference in charge across a membrane and solute concentration, respectively. When an ion's concentrations are unevenly distributed over a permeable membrane, the ion will simply diffuse across the membrane from the region of greater concentration to the region of lower concentration. Due to the difference in electrical charge across the plasma membrane, the electrical component is produced. And the change in ion concentration across the membrane is what causes the chemical component.
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