Dereferencing a null pointer typically results in a null reference exception.
Creating a new process in a Linux command shell does not typically result in an exception. Receiving a data packet on a network adapter card does not typically result in an exception. A malfunction in the system's main memory could potentially result in a hardware exception or a memory access violation exception, depending on the specifics of the malfunction and how it is handled by the system.
An exception is a runtime error that occurs when a program encounters an unexpected condition. There are many different types of exceptions that can occur, depending on the nature of the error and the context in which it occurs. Some common types of exceptions include:
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