The bond formation enthalpy, which measures the amount of energy released, is always negative since this process is always exothermic.
Consider the equation ATP + H2O ---------> ADP + PO43-.
To cause the reaction,
The splitting of the H2O takes energy.
A portion of the ATP molecule is also disassembled, which (surprise) also consumes energy.
As a result, the water specks combine with the ATP molecule's leftovers. The process of adding little amounts of water releases energy. The reaction releases energy because the total energy released exceeds the total energy needed.
Bond formation enthalpy measures the amount of energy needed to build or break a bond.
Three of the phosphate groups in ATP molecule (adenosine triphosphate) can be removed by hydrolysis to create ADP (adenosine diphosphate) or AMP (adenosine monophosphate). The phosphate group's negative charges inherently resist one another, requiring energy to glue them together and energy to break them.
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