When a cell has to expend energy to carry out a task, the ATP molecule splits off one of the three phosphates, forming ADP (Adenosine di-phosphate) + phosphate.
A molecule is the smallest unit of any substance that is capable of independent existence and that is made up of one or more components while still maintaining the substance's physical and chemical properties. Even more atoms can be separated from molecules. The symbols for the oxygen atom and molecule, respectively, are O and O2, respectively.
The distinction among molecules with elements is that while elements are always composed of a single type of atom, molecules can contain either a single type of atom or a number of different types of atoms.
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