The process of Fractional Distillation through which petrol is separated from the mixture of hydrocarbons in crude oil is described below.
Fractional distillation is the process by which oil refineries separate crude oil into different, more useful hydrocarbon products based on their relative molecular weights in a distillation tower.
Fractional distillation is useful for separating a mixture of substances with narrow differences in boiling points, and is the most important step in the refining process.
Petrol, Diesel and Kerosene are all products (or fractions) of the process of refining Petroleum.
On an industrial scale, the different fractions of Petroleum are separated out by fractional distillation.
The Petroleum is heated up, and the gas produced enters the fractionating column.
The column is very hot at the bottom and gets cooler as the gas travels up the column,
this allows different fuels to drain out at different temperatures up the column,
with the exception of Bitumen, which is used to surface roads, this stays liquid and is drained off at the bottom of the column.
The fuels are drained off depending on the length of the hydrocarbon chain they are made up of.
The longer the hydrocarbon chain, the higher the boiling point and the earlier on they drain from the column.
This is how petrol is separated from the mixture of hydrocarbons in crude oil.
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