The elements that characterize a poem as a Petrarchan Sonnet are as follows:
A Petrarchan sonnet contains about eight to eleven syllables in each line. They are written in the iambic pentameter, which contains a series of stressed and unstressed syllables.
A Petrarchan sonnet is divided into two parts- one octet containing eight lines and one sestet containing six lines. The octet poses a question or a problem, and the sestet reveals a solution to it.
A Petrarchan sonnet has the rhyme scheme "abba abba cde cde" or abba abba cdc dcd. It can vary according to the wish of the poet.
In the English language, we also have the Shakespearian and Spenserian sonnets.
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