The main reason why Thomas Jefferson opposed Alexander Hamilton's economic plan was because he believed it would favor urban mercantile interests over agricultural ones.
In Hamilton's proposal, the federal and state debts would be paid off by the government. He demanded that the government acquire all of the bonds issued before 1789 by the federal and state governments. Then, he intended to issue fresh bonds to settle the previous debts. The government would then be able to repay the new bonds as the economy improved. Many people supported Hamilton's plan, including bankers and investors. They assaulted it.
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