A 1-kg chunk of putty moving at 1 m/s collides with and sticks to a 5-kg bowling ball initially at rest. The bowling ball and putty then move with a momentum of 0.16 m/s.
This phenomenon is known as perfectly inelastic collision.
The key to this is understanding that momentum will be conserved and that the final mass of the object will be m1+m2.
So, your initial momentum is m1*v1+ m2*v2, but since the 5kg bowling ball is initially at rest, the only momentum in the system is 1kg*1m/s = 1 Ns (Newton-second)
Then, after the collision, since that momentum is conserved,
1 Ns= (m1+m2)*v' (here v' is the new velocity)
So 1Ns= ( 1kg+ 5kg) v' → 1Ns/ 6kg= v'= 0.16m/s
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