In the evolution of antibiotic resistance, mutation plays an important role during the process of natural selection.
In the presence of an antibiotic, the strain of bacteria with resistance to the particular antibiotic will divide rapidly and emerges as the dominant strain in the population.
During the presence of unfavorable conditions, the rate of mutation in the bacteria increases rapidly, where most mutations are either insignificant or harmful but some mutations arise that are beneficial for survival.
Since bacteria have a very small generation time from 20 minutes to 24 hours depending on the species the resistance to a particular antibiotic can develop rather quickly.
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