If a subject has not been informed about the risks of participating in research, The primary ethical principle that has likely been violated is Beneficence.
In accordance with the principle of beneficence, a person have a duty to act in the subject best interest. It also underpins a number of moral obligations to uphold others' rights, avoid injury, eliminate hazards that could cause harm, assist people with disabilities, and save those in danger.
People are treated ethically when their decisions are respected, they are shielded from harm, and efforts are made to ensure their wellbeing.
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