As understood by modern geologists, the principle of uniformitarianism implies that the physical processes observed today (such as erosion and volcanic eruption) have been active in the past and are responsible for the geologic history we see preserved in the rock record.
The uniformitarianism principle states that the present is the key to the past. This principle has profound implications for the science of geology. James Hutton developed the concept of uniformitarianism with Charles Lyell. He believed that the landscapes of the Earth, such as mountains and seas, were formed slowly over many years.
Scientists examine modern geological events, whether they occur suddenly, such as earthquakes, or slowly, such as the erosion of river valleys, to gain insight into past events. This is known as uniformitarianism. The idea is that the earth is constantly changing uniformly and that the present is the key to the past.
Charles Darwin realized that the evolution of life takes a long time, and the science of geology showed that the earth is very old. If there was enough time for mountains to rise and erode, there would have been enough time for millions of species to emerge and either evolve into new ones or become extinct.
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