A good is excludable when a seller can prevent people who did not pay for a product from obtaining its benefits.
Private goods are excluded, however public goods are not excluded. Due to the fact that only one user can acquire or consume a competitor commodity, it falls under the category of excludable goods. Procuring a rival good can impact their overall supply, potentially leading to price increases and a future lack of availability.
If someone (often those who have not paid for it) can be prevent from utilising a good, then it is excludable. If one person's consumption of a good inevitably reduces another person's consumption of the same item, then it is rival or subtractable.
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