When penicillin combines with a serum protein and produces an immune response in certain sensitive individuals, penicillin is acting as a hapten while the protein is acting as a carrier.
Hapten is a small molecule which stimulates the production of antibody molecules only when conjugated to a larger molecule, which is known as a carrier molecule.
Anything that targets an immune response is called an antigen. It can be a microbe such as, a virus, bacteria, toxins, chemicals or other substances that comes to the contact of body.
If the body in contact with an antigen for the very first time, it will reserve information of that germ as well as its functions.
It is so because penicillin binding proteins are bacterial proteins that bind to penicillin and other antibiotics of the β-lactam class.
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