Cis- and trans-2-butene can both be hydrogenated to butane; thus their energies can be compared. the trans isomer releases less energy upon hydrogenation therefore cis-2-butene higher in energy.
The process of addition of hydrogen atom to another compound in the presence of catalyst such as nickel, cobalt etc. is termed as hydrogenation process.
As in trans- isomer, similar atoms or group of atoms are on opposite side. Due to which there is less repulsion between the atoms which results in more stability of trans isomer. On the other hand in cis- isomer, similar atoms or group of atoms are on same side, due to which there is more repulsion between the atoms which results in less stability of cis-isomer.
Due to more stability of trans- isomer less energy is released to add hydrogen to the trans butene as compared to cis butene for the formation of butane.
Thus we concluded that the trans isomer releases less energy than cis isomer in hydrogenation process.
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