Respuesta :
What is Epidemiology?
Epidemiology is referred to as the area of medicine that studies the occurrence, distribution, causes, symptoms, and management of illness in a community. Through monitoring illness prevalence, describing the disease's natural history, and identifying determinants or causes of the disease, epidemiologic studies serve as the cornerstone for disease control and prevention. It identifies disease-related risk factors and targets preventive medication. Our goal is to give doctors a concise overview of the most recent epidemiologic data on NAFLD.
Cluster, ecologic, case-control, and cohort studies are the four types of epidemiologic studies frequently employed in radiation research.
Cluster Studies
A grouping of a disproportionately high number of instances of cancer is referred to as a cancer cluster. Clustering can be "temporal" or "spatial," depending on whether the disease's incidence rate is higher at one period compared to another or in particular locations than in others. Moreover, a cluster of diseases may be "spatiotemporal." In testing, the observed number of instances is compared to the predicted number, which is determined by the population's size and age distribution.
Ecologic Studies
Ecologic research, also known as a geographic study or correlation study, examines the link between exposure and disease in a general population, but not in any one particular person, such as those who reside in a nation, a county, a town, or a neighbourhood. In contrast, the person is the unit of analysis in case-control and cohort studies.
Case-Control Studies
Case-control research aims to ascertain if the frequency of exposure to certain potential risk factors is higher in the population of individuals with the studied disease (cases) compared to the population without the condition (controls). Comparing the percentage of cases with and without an exposure thought to be associated with the illness to the percentage of controls with and without the pertinent exposure.
Cohort Studies
In a cohort study, the researcher generally chooses two groups of participants—one exposed and one not—and monitors both throughout time to assess the relationship between illness incidence and exposure. When individual exposures or doses are available in the field of radiation epidemiology, cohort studies often look at gradients of exposure rather than merely unaffected and exposed groups.
To learn more about Epidemiological studies visit :https://brainly.com/question/12475020
#SPJ4
