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The Texas white primary system was rejected by the Supreme Court on an 8-1 vote in Smith v. Allwright in 1944. The Texas state legislation from 1923 was declared unconstitutional in that instance by the Court because it permitted the local Democratic Party to engage in racial discrimination.
After the lawsuit, the majority of Southern states stopped holding white primaries that were just partially inclusive. They kept using additional means of preventing people from voting, including obstacles to registration like poll levies and literacy exams. These largely withstood legal challenges since they applied to all eligible voters, but in reality, white authorities administered them in a way that was discriminatory.
Gains were minor in Mississippi, Alabama, North Louisiana, and the southern sections of Georgia even though the percentage of black Southerners who were registered to vote progressively climbed from less than 3% in 1940, followed by 29% in 1960, and over 40% in 1964. To combat this, the Voting Rights Act of 1965 was passed. The Supreme Court of the United States made a significant ruling in the case of Allwright, 321 U.S. 649 (1944), which dealt with voting rights and, therefore, racial desegregation. The Texas state legislation that allowed political parties to establish their own internal procedures, including the use of white primaries, was overturned.
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