Ask the patient about his or her thoughts, feelings, and emotions. are some of the basic questions we can ask a patient to assess his or her state of consciousness.
Consciousness is defined as the state of being aware of physical events or mental concepts. Conscious patients are awake and responsive to their surroundings (Markovich, 2005).
The level of consciousness has been described as the degree of arousal and awareness. A manifestation of altered consciousness implies an underlying brain dysfunction. Its onset may be sudden, for example following an acute head injury, or it may occur more gradually, such as in hypoglycemia.
Causes of altered consciousness
A range of situations can lead to altered consciousness. These include: profound hypoxemia; hypercapnia; cerebral hypoperfusion; stroke; convulsions; hypoglycemia; recent administration of sedatives or analgesic drugs; drug overdose; subarachnoid haemorrhage; and alcohol intoxication (Resuscitation Council UK, 2006; Wyatt et al, 2006).
The Resuscitation Council UK (2006) recommends the ABCDE approach:
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