Drawing district boundaries to deliberately benefit a candidate or party is an example of Gerrymandering.
Gerrymandering is the practice of drawing electoral district boundaries in a way that gives one political party an unfair advantage over its rivals (political or partisan gerrymandering) or dilutes the voting power of members of ethnic or linguistic minority groups in the United States (racial gerrymandering). A fundamental objection to gerrymandering in general is that it tends to violate two tenets of electoral apportionment: compactness and equality of constituency size.
Gerrymandering can be used to protect incumbents as well. According to Wayne Dawkins, politicians choose their voters rather than voters choosing their politicians. Gerrymandering has a negative connotation, and it is almost always regarded as a corruption of the democratic process.
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