High frequencies are localized by loudness differences for humans, whereas low frequencies are localized by phase discrepancies.
By comparing the times at which sound enters the left and right ears, the brain determines the direction of the sound. Interaural time difference, or ITD for short, is the term for this cue. But the precise process by which the brain translates this data is still unknown.
Binaural cues (interaural differences), or differences in the sounds that reach the two ears (i.e., differences in the timing or intensity of the sounds at the right and left ears), or monaural spectral cues (e.g., the frequency-dependent pattern of sound), are the two main methods used to localize sounds.
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