Twenty separate aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, one for each type of amino acid, are produced by the majority of cells. These 20 enzymes differ greatly from one another and are each functionally specialised for a certain amino acid and a specific set of tRNA molecules.
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRS) are enzymes that catalyse the attachment of a specific amino acid to the 3' end of its corresponding tRNA, which is a crucial step in the production of proteins. In order to transport the corresponding amino acid to the tRNA, they achieve this by generating an energetically dense aminoacyl-adenylate intermediate.
In other words, its range has expanded to include enzymes catalysing reactions that involve hydrolysis of a nucleoside triphosphate, which were previously ineligible to be referred to as synthases. The term "synthase" can now be added to the name of any substance to denote an enzyme that catalyses a reaction that results in that substance.
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