The Pleistocene epoch began at least 2.5 million years ago in the 1600s a.d. over 20 million years ago in the 20th century.
The Pleistocene Epoch is also known as the Ice Age. The climate of Africa continued on the trajectory that began in the late Miocene and continued throughout the Pliocene While the Pleistocene was characterized as a period of global cooling, glacial advances, and dropping sea levels, the cold periods were interspersed with interglacial periods when the ice retreated and sea levels rose. Even within glacial periods, the climate varied. Animals in northern areas that were not adapted to arctic conditions went extinct or moved south when temperatures dropped and vice versa. They pushed in and out of Africa, in response to those climatic pulses.
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