Fatty acids are activated to acyl-coas and the acyl group is further transferred to carnitine because?

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19-08-2022
Biology

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Fatty acids are activated to acyl-coas and the acyl group is further transferred to carnitine because?

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Tutorconsortium359 Tutorconsortium359 · Answer 1 · 2022-08-23T21:34:52+02:00

Fatty acids are activated to acyl-coas and the acyl group is further transferred to carnitine because acyl-carnitines readily cross the mitochondrial inner membrane, but acyl-CoAs do not.

What part does carnitine play in the movement of fatty acids?

Transferring long-chain fatty acids to mitochondria for ensuing -oxidation is the primary role of carnitine. As a scavenger, carnitine also binds acyl residues from the intermediate metabolism of amino acids and aids in their removal.
In mammals, carnitine operates by having its 3-hydroxyl group reversibly esterified by fatty acyl-CoA esters, followed by the production of acylcarnitines and their subsequent transfer from one cellular compartment to another.
According to the cellular location and metabolic goal, the family of enzymes known as carnitine acyltransferases has specificities for a wide range of acyl chain lengths of fatty acids, including those with different chain lengths, branching patterns, and other functional groups.
They allow for the reversible transfer of acyl groups between carnitine and free CoA. Thus, carnitine is necessary for the export of acetyl- and other short-chain acyl groups from peroxisomes as well as the transportation of fatty acyl groups into mitochondria and the removal of any excess acyl groups.

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