Short segments of dna are exchanged between homologous chromosomes during prophase i in a process called Recombination.
What are homologous chromosomes?
Two DNA molecules called homologous chromosomes, one from each parent, carry the same genes in a diploid creature.
To put it another way, both of your parents contribute the entire genome. The identical 23 chromosomes from each parent contain identical genes. In total, our cells have 46 chromosomes in two copies. However, each gene may have a distinct variant on each homologous chromosome. More variety is produced, the negative impacts of mutations are diminished, and populations are generally stabilized when each gene has two copies.
Recombination occurs when two molecules of DNA exchange pieces of their genetic material with each other. One of the most notable examples of recombination takes place during meiosis (specifically, during prophase I), when homologous chromosomes line up in pairs and swap segments of DNA.
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