Members of what was once the kingdom Monera are now divided into two major domains called the Archaea and bacteria.
One domain of single-celled organisms is called the archaea. These microbes are prokaryotes because they lack cell nuclei. Originally referred to as archaebacteria (in the Archaebacteria kingdom), archaea were categorized as bacteria at one point.
The characteristics of archaeal cells set them apart from the bacteria and eukaryota in the other two domains. There are numerous recognized phyla that divide archaea further. Since most haven't been isolated in a lab and have only been found in environmental samples by their gene sequences, classification is challenging.
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