When a positive-reinforcement treatment or intervention is applied in one situation but is withheld in another situation the researcher is employing multiple baselines across settings design. Research in the administration of positive reinforcement suggests that delivery following the desired behavior is key to promoting it. The longer the interval between the behavior and the reward, the lower the association between the two.
However, schedules of positive reinforcement also play a key role in how behaviors are learned and maintained. Variable ratio reinforcing—in which positive reinforcement is given after a random number of behaviors—has been suggested to be one of the most effective schedules. Variable interval reinforcement is also highly effective.
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