4d8 indicates that there are 8 electrons in the d subshell.
A collection of electrons in a shell organized into subshells based on the form of the space they fill. Each subshell's electrons are organized into orbitals, which are areas of the atom's interior where a certain electron is most likely to be located.
A shell's size, capacity to retain additional electrons, and electron energy all increase with the distance between it and the nucleus.
Two electrons can fit in the first (nearest to the nucleus) shell. 8 electrons can fit inside the second shell. The third shell has a 32 electron capacity.
In order of increasing energy, electrons are further divided into four separate subshell types, known as s, p, d, and f, inside the shells. The first shell only has a s subshell, followed by a s and a p subshell, an s, p, and a d subshell, and an s, p, d, and f subshell in the second and fourth shells. The number of shells and the number of subshells are equal.
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