Earmarks aspect of pork-barrel politics refers to expenditures specifically designated to benefit a politician's local district or constituency.
Earmark is a provision inserted into discretionary spending bills that directs funds to specific recipients while bypassing performance-based or competitive funding allocation processes. Yearmarking is part of the spending policy of the US Congress and exists as a form of political specialism in the finances of many other countries.
'Earmark' comes from animal husbandry. The ears of livestock were cut in a specific way to allow farmers to distinguish their livestock from other animals grazing on public land. In particular, the concept derives from ear-tagged pigs, where laws are distributed similarly to pig barrels among members of the local political apparatus.
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