The comparison of the anatomical structures of a human arm to the wing of a bat is an example of homology.
Biology defines homology as similarity resulting from a shared ancestor between two structures or genes in various taxa. The forelimbs of vertebrates are a typical example of homologous structures. These forelimbs are descended from the same ancestral tetrapod structure as the wings of bats and birds, the arms of primates, the front flippers of whales, and the forelegs of four-legged vertebrates like dogs and crocodiles.
According to evolutionary biology, similar structures that have been modified to serve various functions descended from a common ancestor. The anatomist Richard Owen coined the phrase for the first time in biology in a non-evolutionary setting in 1843.
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