Difference between a polyunsaturated and a monounsaturated fatty acid under catabolism of fatty acids is; monounsaturated uses one double bond within the carbon chain and polyunsaturated uses two or more double bonds in a carbon chain.
Fatty acid catabolism is the mechanism by which the body accesses energy stored as triglycerides. There are three steps in fatty acid catabolism. First the body must mobilize the lipid stores by breaking down triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerols.
During fat mobilization, triglycerides are broken down into free fatty acids and glycerols in a process called lipolysis. Lipolysis is stimulated by the hormones epinephrin, glycagon, or adrenalcorticaltropic hormone (ACTH). These hormones bind to receptors on the plasma membrane of the cell and initiate a signal cascade.
The first step of the signal cascade is the activation of adenylyl cyclase, which is the enzyme required to synthesize cyclic AMP from ATP. High levels of cyclic AMP activate protein kinase A. The protein kinase then uses ATP to activate the triaclyglycerol lipase. The phosphorylated lipase can then catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to free fatty acids. Multiple lipases work to hydrolyze the fatty acids off of the glycerol.
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