Genes are turned on or off by regulatory proteins in accordance with changing needs for the proteins they encode.
What are regulatory proteins?
Any protein that affects the sections of a DNA molecule that RNA polymerase transcribes during transcription is referred to as a regulatory protein (gene-regulatory protein). As a result, these proteins, which include transcription factors, aid in regulating the cellular synthesis of proteins.
The majority of regulatory proteins in prokaryotes are antagonistic, turning off genes as a result. Here, the cells depend on a process called protein-small molecule binding, in which a ligand or small molecule transmits information about the condition of the cell and whether or not gene expression is required.
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