The correct option is (C) brain, for everything
The African tsetse fly does not need a brain, for everything it has to do in life is programmed into its nervous system.
When describing a span of time, whether it be in the past, present, or future, the word "for" is used. Since refers to a period of time that started in the past and is still going on. It is a prepositional phrase.
A comma separates the two components in this sentence, but there doesn't appear to be any meaningful connection between them; they stand alone. They must be connected by the word "for" since it denotes a purpose, which is what the question calls for. Only choice C eliminates this problem completely without creating any new ones.
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