A message expressed through nonlinguistic means is called nonverbal communication
Nonverbal communication uses a nonverbal medium, such as eye contact, facial expressions, gestures, posture, and body language, to transmit messages or signals (NVC). It utilizes physical environments, voice (paralanguage), kinesics, distance (proxemics), touch, and appearance (haptics). Eye contact, staring while talking or listening, repeated glances, fixation patterns, pupil dilation, and blink rate can all be taken into account.
In 1872, Charles Darwin published The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals, which was the first study of nonverbal communication. In his observations of relationships between lions, tigers, dogs, and other species of animals, Darwin found that they all engaged in nonverbal communication.
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