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The Homestead Act of 1862 granted land claims in thirty states. These areas were the traditional or treaty lands of many Native American tribes.
Even before the Homestead Act was enacted in 1862, tensions between European settlers and indigenous peoples were high. Many Native Americans had been forced to settle on reserves in the West as a result of treaties and legislation. The homesteading movement further heightened the existing tensions. The population of the western United States grew thanks to the Homestead Act. The entry of homesteaders was met with apprehension by the vast majority of indigenous peoples. They were either driven further away from their original homes or forced to live in overcrowded conditions on reservations as more settlers arrived. Native Americans' responses were as nuanced and diverse as the people themselves. Others sought out better circumstances. Many people had high expectations for their ability to change. Others fought to maintain their customs. Everyone realized that their lives would be different after the modifications took effect.
Due to Homestead Act numbers of settlers altered the landscape originally inhabited by Native Americans increased. The decline in buffalo populations. There was a decline in native plant diversity as the number of domesticated animals increased, water was diverted away from local crops, and unsustainable agricultural practices were utilised.
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