Decreased respiratory compensation, increased renal water loss and reduced ADH sensitivity are the factor contributes to the fluid and acid-base imbalance common in the elderly.
Respiratory compensation is the brainstem respiratory centres' adjustment of alveolar ventilation in an effort to restore plasma pH to its normal level (7.4) and maintain the body's acid-base balance. It usually happens within a few minutes to a few hours and is significantly quicker than renal compensation (which takes a few days), but it is less able to restore normal values. Chemoreceptors detect an abnormal acid-base balance in metabolic acidosis when the plasma pH is lower than usual. The brainstem respiratory centres receive afferent fibres from the chemoreceptors. Plasma pH rises as a result of the brainstem respiratory centres increasing alveolar ventilation (hyperventilation) to allow carbon dioxide (CO2) to be exhaled.
To learn more about Respiratory compensation, Visit:
https://brainly.com/question/15877304
#SPJ4
