Article 12 limits the types of taxes the King can impose without the consent of the Grand Council (a group of nobles). This limited his ability to collect taxes for the war. This was a major concern of the nobility in the years before the document, as taxes were levied to fund the war with France.
The nobles benefited because Magna his Carta defined individual rights and emphasized the role of law in society. For example, Article 39 states that people should only be punished by peer decision (similar to the idea of a jury trial) or by the sanction of law.
Also, Grand Council the phrase "not a free man" implies that all people should be treated equally before the law. Emphasizing this ideal, the Magna Carta limited the king's ability to punish his subjects.
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