Psychologist James Marcia identified four patterns in the way that teenagers cope with the adolescent identity crisis. The four categories of identity status he describes are identity moratorium, identity foreclosure, identity diffusion, and identity achievement.
Development of identity during adolescence:
Teenagers who are experiencing identity moratorium put off making significant decisions so they can try out other options. Teenagers who are experiencing identity foreclosure make commitments without doing much thought. Other options are "foreclosed" by this promise.
Without taking into account whether it pertains to them, they may follow a belief system or course of conduct that has been established by adults or their peers. Adolescents who fall into the identity diffusion group don't seem to have a clear sense of personal convictions or professional aspirations.
Adolescents who fall under the identity achievement group have considered their options, chosen an identity, and made commitments to their personal aspirations.
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