Beta-blockers lower blood pressure through reducing renin and cardiac output, among other methods.
The decrease in oxygen demand brought on by the adverse chronotropic and inotropic effects is how beta-blocker use improves angina. These drugs have a strong antiarrhythmic impact and also lengthen atrial refractory periods. Beta-blockers can be categorized as either non-selective or selective for beta 1. Additionally, there are beta-blocking medications that preferentially target beta-2 and/or beta-3, neither of which has a documented clinical use as of yet. Non-selective substances bind to both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors, activating both receptors to produce antagonistic effects. Atenolol, bisoprolol, metoprolol, and esmolol are beta-1 receptor-selective blockers that only bind to beta-1 receptors, making them cardio-selective.
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