Because of the advance and retreat of Gondwanan glaciers, cyclothems, and a cyclical pattern of alternating marine and nonmarine deposits were common in the Pennsylvanian.
It has been suggested that tectonic movements, climatic variables, or changes in sea level are to blame for the development of cyclothems; however, all three are likely to some extent to blame. Cyclothems play a significant role in the economy as hosts for resources such as coal, oil and gas, lime, water, and basic and precious metals, as well as oil and gas. Given that the Carboniferous was a period of widespread glaciation in the southern hemisphere, certain cyclothems may have developed as a result of marine transgressions and regressions associated with the expansion and disintegration of ice sheets, respectively. Milankovitch cycles are used to understand sequences in a more broad way.
Because they may be used to date rocks and locate petroleum resources, cyclothems are important. In 1926, Wanless proposed the theory that the Pennsylvanian beds were assembled from recurrent sequences of beds that are now known as cyclothems and are made up of a similar succession of units.
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