The lungs remain inflated because intrapleural pressure is less than intrapulmonary pressure.
A sub-atmospheric intrapleural pressure that is lower than the intrapleural pressure results from the absence of air in the intrapleural space. The difference between intrapleural pressure and intrapleural pressure, known as transpulmonary (or transmural) pressure, is therefore present across the lung's wall. Transpulmonary pressure holds the lungs against the chest wall because intrapleural pressure—the pressure inside the lungs—is higher than intrapleural pressure—the pressure outside the lungs. As a result, during inspiration and expiration, changes in lung volume coincide with changes in thoracic volume.
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