A decline in sea urchin numbers would result in an increase in kelp populations.
A trophic cascade is demonstrated by the interplay between otter, porcupine, and kelp. In this system, otters (principal rock species) reduce sea urchin grazing on kelp by devouring sea urchins, increasing the amount of kelp (platform species).
Yellowstone National Park in the United States is yet another illustration of how trophic levels are impacted by top-down effects on communities. Because wolves, the top predator, eat elk, one of the main herbivores of the business pellets, which are intermediate eaters, wolf reintroduction programs in Yellowstone have led to a rise in vegetation.
As a result, top-down management (i.e., wolves eating elk) decreases elk grazing and boosts the quantity of primary producers.
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