Sucrose is hydrolyzed by the enzyme sucrase, an α-glucosidase in the human small intestine, to its component monosaccharides fructose and glucose.
Sucrase intolerance, also known as congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency (CSID), genetic sucrase-isomaltase deficiency (GSID), or sucrase-isomaltase deficit, occurs when sucrase is not secreted in the small intestine. A sucrose intolerance results in increased gas production, recurrent diarrhea, and malabsorption when sugar is consumed. A person's inability to hydrolyze the disaccharide lactose results in a condition called lactose intolerance.
Sucrose is secreted by the villi at the tips of the small intestine's epithelium. When villus-blunting conditions like celiac sprue and the inflammatory signs of the illness occur, its levels are reduced. During pregnancy, lactation, and diabetes, the levels increase due to the expansion of the villi.
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