The weaknesses that surveys, case studies, and naturalistic observations all have in common is that they do not allow the researcher to control the main variables in the study.
Naturalistic observation allows researchers to study different behavior under conditions that are less artificial than happening in experiments. The main weakness would be the idea of reactivity as a subject's behavior is altered by the presence of an observer which produces results which is less honest.
The weaknesses faced by case studies include lacking scientific rigor. It only provides little basis for the generalization of results to the population. The subjective feeling of researchers strictly influences the case study. A case study is actually difficult to replicate, expensive and time-consuming.
Surveys also possess some demerits. It depends on the user as they have a representative sample from which to collect data. It is more prone to error of the researcher, where assumptions made may not be accurate. Another weakness faced by the survey is rigidity.
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