Cold War fears on Communist dominance led to Vietnam being partitioned to ensure that Communism doesn't gain a foothold in SE Asia.
Vietnam was partitioned into a Communist North, and a Free market South at the insistence of the U.S. because the U.S. did not want Vietnam becoming a Communist nation entirely.
They worried that this would allow Communism to spread in South East Asia which alarmed the U.S. because it would give the Soviets more influence there. U.S. actions eventually led to the Vietnam War.
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