The maximum deposit outflow it can sustain without altering its balance sheet is; $20000
The bank has deposits of $100,000 and a reserve ratio of 20% which means that the bank needs to have reserves of (0.2 * 100000) = $20,000.
Now, In this case the bank has excess reserves because its total reserves are 40,000. In case of a deposit outflow, the money will go out of the reserves so the bank will need to re arrange its balance sheet if the deposits decrease below 20% of the deposits.
Thus, $20000 withdrawal would leave $180000 in deposits and as such $20000 in reserves.
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