Changes in taxes and spending that happen without actions by the government are called automatic stabilizers.
Automatic stabilizers are a sort of fiscal policy intended to counteract changes in a country's economic activity through the course of their regular operation without additional, timely approval by the government or policymakers.
The most well-known automatic stabilizers include gradually graduated corporate and individual income taxes, as well as transfer programs like welfare and unemployment insurance. Because they act to smooth economic cycles and are automatically initiated without further government intervention, automatic stabilizers are so named.
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