The maximum value of the product of two number whose difference is 14 is 49.
The maximum or minimum value of a function is the highest or lowest value of that function.
Let the numbers be x and y
Their product f(x,y) = xy
Since their difference is 14, x - y = 14
So, x = 14 - y
Substituting x into f(x,y), we have
f(x,y) = xy
= (14 - y)y
= 14y - y²
To find the maximum or minimum value of f(x,y) we differentiate it with respect to y and equate to zero.
So, f(x,y) = f(y) = 14y - y²
df(y)/dy = d(14y - y²)/dy
df(y)/dy = d(14y)/dy - dy²/dy
df(y)/dy = 14 - 2y
Equating to zero, we have
df(y)/dy = 0
14 - 2y = 0
14 = 2y
y = 14/2
y = 7
To determine if this gives a maximum or minimum for f(y) = f(x,y), we differentiate f'(y) again
So, df'(y)/dy = d(14 - 2y)/dy
= d14/dy + d(-2y)/dy
= 0 - 2
= -2 < 0.
Since f"(y) = -2 < 0, then y = 7 gives a maximum for f(x,y)
So, since y = 7,
x = 14 - y = 14 - 7 = 7
So, f(x,y) is maximum at x = 7 and y = 7
So, f(7,7) = 7 × 7
= 49
So, the maximum value of the product of two number whose difference is 14 is 49.
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