1. In 1820, amid rising sectarian tensions over slavery, the United States Congress approved a bill admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state to the Union, but prohibiting slavery on the remaining Louisiana Purchase territory north of the 36o 30' parallel. The Missouri Compromise was declared unconstitutional, and supporters of slavery and opponents of slavery flocked to the area to vote for or against slavery. The stampede effectively resulted in the slaughter known as Bleeding Kansas, launching the United States into the American Civil War.
2. The rise of slavery in the antebellum period was exacerbated by the territories gained in the Mexican-American War of 1848. The Mexican War had its beginnings in the westward expansion of American immigrants and the annexation of the Texas Republic to the United States in 1845. Because the area conquered (from the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo) might be a free slave or slave state, this battle exacerbated tensions over slavery. Because the Missouri Compromise did not include the land gained as a result of the conflict.
3. The Wilmot Proviso was a failed 1846 attempt in the United States Congress to prohibit slavery on land taken from Mexico during the Mexican–American War. One of the important events leading up to the American Civil War was the fight over the Wilmot Proviso. The Wilmot Proviso, which outlawed slavery in any land taken from Mexico, shattered party unity and split Congress mostly along sectarian lines.
4. "The Great Compromiser" was Henry Clay. His talents of diplomacy and compromise as a statesman for the Union proved vital in keeping the country together during the first part of the nineteenth century. His agreements helped to quiet regionalism and strike a balance between state rights and national objectives. On March 7, 1825, President John Quincy Adams selected Henry Clay as Secretary of State. Clay began his responsibilities on the same day and remained in the position until March 3, 1829. In his diplomacy, he stressed economic growth and was known as the "Great Pacificator" for his contributions to domestic politics.
The Compromise of 1850 was a set of five acts approved by the United States Congress in September 1850 to settle a political dispute between slave and free states over the status of territory gained during the Mexican–American War. It made it easier for slaveowners to recover runways by admitting California as a free state, leaving Utah and New Mexico to decide whether they wanted to be slave or free states. It also defined a new Texas-New Mexico border and made it easier for slaveowners to recover runways under the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850.
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